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Changes in surface O ore bodies (chemical and mineralogical composition of the form) are so strong that you can not always guess the presence of under them industrially valuable ore body.
Many ore deposits contain sulfide minerals, including such popular as chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and especially pyrite, present in almost all the ore deposits of different terms of education.
Ore minerals dissolved in groundwater, penetrating "the cracks and pores of rocks deep in the side of the primary occurrence of the ore body.
The upper zone of seepage of groundwater enriched in free oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere is a zone of maximum mineral dissolution, oxidation and transport in the ways the movement of groundwater. This is the zone of oxidation and leaching of soluble ore minerals.
The lower zone of stagnation in (located below the groundwater level, which lost their water free of oxygen and carbon dioxide, spending them on the dissolution and oxidation of minerals in the upper zone is characterized by the deposition of the previously dissolved ore minerals and the creation of zones of secondary sulfides.
Solubility of ore minerals is one of the most important factors in the process of surface changes of the ore bodies. Minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, and some other little weakly affected by the processes of oxidation and leaching, and do not create a zone of secondary enrichment. More soluble ore minerals are dissolved by acid groundwater, carried by them in the dissolved state and deposited in the zone of secondary sulfide.
Climatic factor is also of great importance for the surface modification. In a cold climate with permafrost soils the processes of oxidation is almost imperceptible, while the wet and warm climate is most favorable for the formation of zones of oxidation, leaching and secondary enrichment.
Cracks of the ore body and surrounding rocks is also important. With tight groundwater
penetrate to a depth, and for fractured rocks oxidation of groundwater may occur at a very considerable depth, measured in tens and even hundreds of meters.